ABAP BASICS

ABAP/4

 

    ABAP/4 stands for ADVANCED BUSINESS APPLICATION PROGRAMMING, where 4 stands for 4th Generation language(4GLs).
    It was the first language which includes concept of logical databases(LDBS), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database levels.
    It was a programming language for developing/creating application for SAP R/3.
    First it was developed as reporting language for SAP R/1, later it was developed into programming language for R/3.

STRUCTURE OF ABAP/4 PROGRAM

 

As like other programming language it also normally structured into two parts,

 

 

DECLARATION SECTION:

In this part we define the data types, structures, tables, work area variables and the individual fields that we want to use inside an SAP ABAP program.

PROCESSING BLOCKS:

  

In this part where we will write all the business logic codes.

 BASIC SYNTAX FOR WRITING CODE IN ABAP

 

     Every statement must end with (.) period.
     ABAP statement are not case sensitive.

               Example:- data, Data, DATA.

     ABAP is space sensitive.
      Strings are enclosed in a single quotes.

                 Example:- 'Hi'.

      For providing comments * (or) " is used.
      * -> Entire line( This should be provided at start of line).
      " -> Middle of line or in the line ( can be given any location on line).
      CLRT+< is shortcut used for commenting multiple line at once.
      CLRT+> is used to uncomment set of lines.

TRANSACTION CODE [T-code]

 

    A Transaction code or t-code, it is a shortcut keys attached with the screen.
    Instead of accessing SAP MENU we can directly go to the particular screen  by entering t-code in the comment field .
    A transaction code consists of letters, numbers, or both and is entered in the command field.
    Each Function in SAP has a transaction code associated with it.


EXAMPLE


    If we navigate to screen DATA DICTIONARY, we follows the steps below

SAP MENU->TOOLS->ABAP WORKBENCH->DEVELOPMENT
->DATA DICTIONARY

    Instead of using this we can directly navigate to screen directly by entering t-code in comment field in standard tool bar.